1. Matthew Woll (1880-1956), a lawyer and president of the International Photo-Engravers Union of North America (1906-29), was vice-president of the AFL (1919-55).

2. Frank Morrison (1859-1949), a member of the International Typographical Union and a lawyer, was secretary of the AFL (1897-1935).

3. James O'Connell (1858-1936), former president of the International Association of Machinists, was president of the AFL Metal Trades Department (1911-34).

4. The Conference for Progressive Political Action (CPPA) was organized in Chicago, Feb. 20-21, 1922. The founding convention, attended by representatives from a broad range of progressive farmer, labor, and political organizations, was called by William Johnston of the Machinists, Timothy Healy of the Stationary Firemen, Edward Manion of the Railroad Telegraphers, Martin Ryan of the Railway Carmen, Lucius Sheppard of the Railway Conductors, and Warren Stone of the Locomotive Engineers. The CPPA's objective was to formulate a joint program of independent political action. It claimed substantial success in the 1922 congressional elections and in 1924 chose Robert La Follette and Burton Wheeler as its candidates for president and vice-president. Encouraged by the La Follette-Wheeler turnout that November (roughly 4.8 million votes or slightly less than 17 percent of the popular vote), the CPPA considered the creation of a third party, but the proposal split the organization, which dissolved in February 1925.

5. Bert Jewell (1881-1968), a member of the International Brotherhood of Boiler Makers, Iron Ship Builders, and Helpers of America, was president of the AFL Railway Employes' Department (1922-46). Press reports indicated that he was in charge of reviewing the records of members of Congress up for reelection in 1924 in terms of their positions on railroad labor legislation.

6. That is, John Mandt Nelson, the manager of the La Follette-Wheeler campaign and director of the campaign's Chicago office. He was also chairman of the Conference for Progressive Political Action joint executive committee.

7. For the denial, see "La Follette Fund by 'Cash and Carry,'" New York Times, July 27, 1924.