1. Calvin Coolidge and Charles Dawes were the Republican party's nominees.

2. John W. Davis and Charles W. Bryan, the governor of Nebraska and brother of William Jennings Bryan, were the Democratic party's nominees.

3. Frank Morrison (1859-1949), a member of the International Typographical Union and a lawyer, was secretary of the AFL (1897-1935).

4. James O'Connell (1858-1936), former president of the International Association of Machinists, was president of the AFL Metal Trades Department (1911-34).

5. Matthew Woll (1880-1956), a lawyer and president of the International Photo-Engravers Union of North America (1906-29), was vice-president of the AFL (1919-55).

6. Daniel Joseph Tobin (1875?-1955), president of the International Brotherhood of Teamsters, was treasurer of the AFL (1918-28).

7. James Duncan (1857-1928), former president of the Granite Cutters' International Association of America, was an AFL vice-president (1895-1928).

8. Conference for Progressive Political Action

9. William Z. Foster( 1881-1961), a former member of the Socialist Party of America and the Industrial Workers of the World, became a convert to the strategy of "boring from within" existing trade unions. After joining the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America in 1912, he organized the Syndicalist League of North America and the short-lived International Trade Union Educational League. Between 1917 and 1919 he led AFL organizing campaigns in the packinghouse and steel industries, and in 1920 he founded the Trade Union Educational League. The following year he went to Moscow and, upon his return, joined the American Communist party. He was the party's candidate for president in 1924, 1928, and 1932.

10. John J. Fitzpatrick (1871?-1946) was president of the Chicago Federation of Labor (1900-1901, 1906-46) and an AFL salaried organizer (1903-23). He played a major role in the 1917 meatpackers' organizing campaign and the steelworkers' organizing campaign of 1918-20, and ran unsuccessfully for mayor of Chicago on the Labor party ticket in 1919.

11. Oscar Fred Nelson (1884-1943), former president of the Post Office Clerks, was vice-president of the Chicago Federation of Labor from 1910 to 1935.

12. In response to a call from the Farmer-Labor party (FLP), an estimated six to eight hundred delegates from the FLP and various minority political parties, labor bodies, and other organizations met in Chicago, July 3-5, 1923, with the goal of hammering out a common political program for the 1924 elections. Although delegates from the Workers' Party of America, including Charles Ruthenberg, had to win a floor fight in order to participate, they and their supporters soon dominated the meeting and won support for a platform that launched the Federated Farmer-Labor party (FFLP). The new party, which called among other things for nationalization of public utilities and greater farmer and worker control of management, broke any remaining ties between progressive trade unionists and the Workers' party. John Fitzpatrick condemned what he called a Russian dictatorship over the new party, John Brophy of the United Mine Workers of America notified the FLP convention that his organization would not cooperate, and a majority of the FLP delegates refused to join the FFLP. By the time of the 1924 elections, the Workers' party had withdrawn its support of the FFLP, and the new party was no longer functioning.

13. That is, Magnus Johnson.

14. John Mandt Nelson.

15. La Follette wrote to Wisconsin attorney general Herman Ekern on May 25, 1924, stating his belief that "all Progressives should refuse to participate in any movement which makes common cause with any Communist organization." For the complete text of this letter, see "La Follette Ready to Lead New Party; Assails Communism," New York Times, May 29, 1924.

16. William Green (1870-1952), secretary treasurer of the United Mine Workers of America (1913-24), was vice president of the AFL (1914-24). He succeeded Gompers as AFL president.

17. In 1916 Democrat Woodrow Wilson ran against Republican Charles Evan Hughes.

18. Thomas Alfred Rickert (1876-1941), president of the United Garment Workers of America (1904-41), was vice president of the AFL (1918-41).

19. John J. Keegan (1872-1944?), a former vice-president of the International Association of Machinists, was a member of the United States Employees' Compensation Commission (1917 to 1944).

20. William Bauchop Wilson (1862-1934), former secretary-treasurer of the United Mine Workers of America (1900 to 1908) and a former member of Congress (1906-13), had served as the first U.S. secretary of labor (1913 to 1921).

21. Martin Francis Ryan (1874-1935), president of the Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America (1909-35), was vice president of the AFL (1923-28).