1. On Apr. 9, 1914, eight American sailors were arrested in Tampico, Mexico, when they entered a restricted area of the city, which was under siege by Venustiano Carranza's Constitutionalists and under martial law. The government of Victoriano Huerta promptly released the men, but the American naval commander in the area demanded a public apology. Huerta refused to comply. President Woodrow Wilson, who had refused to recognize Huerta and had sought his resignation, asked Congress on Apr. 20 for approval of the use of force in compelling Huerta to recognize "the rights and dignity of the United States." The House of Representatives complied the same day, and the Senate did so on Apr. 22. In the meantime, informed that a German steamer carrying munitions for Huerta was approaching Veracruz, Wilson on Apr. 21 ordered the commander of American naval units in the area to occupy the city. The subsequent bombardment of Veracruz and its occupation by nearly 7,000 American military personnel led the two nations to the brink of war. At the end of April Wilson and Huerta accepted an offer of mediation from Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. Huerta, under military pressure from Carranza, abdicated on July 15, and the U.S. withdrew from Veracruz in November.

2. Edward L. Doyle of Denver served as secretary and then secretary-treasurer of United Mine Workers of America District 15 (Colorado) between 1912 and 1917.